In 1985, several unidentified lines observed toward several sources, were assigned to the aromatic molecule cyclopropenylidene by
P. Thaddeus, J. M. Vrtilek, and C. A. Gottlieb,
Laboratory and Astronomical Identification of Cyclopropenylidene, C₃H₂,
Astrophys. J. 299, L63–L66 (1985).

The first observation of an initially unidentified line concerned one of the ortho ground state lines 2₁₂ – 1₀₁ in emission at 82093.54 GHz toward the diverse molecular clouds Ori A, Sgr B2(OH), and TMC-1 by
P. Thaddeus, M. Guélin, and R. A. Linke,
Three New 'Nonterrestrial' Molecules,
Astrophys. J. 246, L41–L45 (1981).

An interesting aspect has been found by
H. E. Matthews, S. C. Madden, L. W. Avery, and W. M. Irvine,
The C₃H₂ 2₂₀ – 2₁₁ Transition: Absorption in Cold Dark Clouds,
Astrophys. J. 307, L69–L73 (1986).

Observations of the two ¹³C isotopomers of cyclopropenylidene were reported first by J. Gómez-González, M. Guélin, J. Cernicharo, C. Kahane, and M. Bogey,
Detection of Interstellar ¹³C Isotopes of C₃H₂,
Astron. Astrophys. 168, L11–L12 (1986).
They observed the 2₁₂ – 1₀₁ transitions toward Sgr B2(OH).

M. B. Bell, P. A. Feldman, H. E. Matthews, and L. W. Avery reported on the
Detection of Deuterated Cyclopropenylidene (C₃HD) in TMC-1,
Astrophys. J. 311, L89–L92 (1986).
The detection of multiply substituted isotopologs is currently hampered by the lack of published laboratory data.

In 2012, laboratory data were published on several isotopologs, including the doubly deuterated one and the ones with one D and one ¹³C. However, data are still missing on the isotopomers with two ¹³C. It does not come as a surprise that
S. Spezzano, S. Brünken, P. Schilke, P. Caselli, K. M. Menten, M. C. McCarthy, L. Bizzocchi, S. P. Treviño-Morales, Y. Aikawa, and S. Schlemmer
reported on the
Interstellar Detection of //c//-C₃D₂,
Astrophys. J. 769, Art. No. L19 (2013)
in the dark clouds TMC-1C and L1544 using the IRAM 30 m radio telescope. Three transitions were detected in the 3 mm wavelength region.

M. Agúndez, N. Marcelino, J. Cernicharo, E. Roueff, and M. Tafalla
reported on
A Sensitive //λ// 3 mm Line Survey of L483 A Broad View of the Chemical Composition of a Core around a Class 0 object,
Astron. Astrophys. 625, Art. No. A147 (2019)
Among the many species observed is cyclopropenylidene with one D and one ¹³C.

Cyclopropenylidene was also detected in the circumstellar envelope of the carbon-rich AGB star CW Leo by
K. Kawaguchi, Y. Kasai, S.-I. Ishikawa, N. Kaifu,
A Spectral-Line Survey Observation of IRC +10216 between 28 and 50 GHz,
Publ. Astron. Soc. Japan 47, 853–876 (1995).

The molecule was also detected in the circumstellar envelope of a carbon-rich post-AGB star by
P. Cox, R. Güsten, and C. Henkel,
Detection of the Hydrocarbon Ring Molecule C₃H₂ in the Planetary Nebula NGC 7027,
Astron. Astrophys. 181, L19–L22 (1987).

P. Cox, R. Güsten, and C. Henkel reported on the
Observations of C₃H₂ in the Diffuse Interstellar Medium,
Astron. Astrophys. 206, 108–116 (1988).

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Contributor(s): H. S. P. Müller; 03, 2011; 05, 2013; 07,2019

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