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--- molecules:ism:ammoniak [2019/02/25 22:38] – external edit 127.0.0.1
+++ molecules:ism:ammoniak [2026/02/06 11:18] (current) – mueller
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 NH<sub>3</sub> was observed first in its lowest //J// = //K// = 1 tunneling transition toward Sagittarius B2 (Sgr B2):\\
 A. C. Cheung, D. M. Rank, C. H. Townes, D. D. Thornton, and W. J. Welch,\\
-**[[http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.21.1701|Detection of NH<sub>3</sub> Molecules in the Interstellar Medium by Their Microwave Emission]]**\\
+**[[https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.21.1701|Detection of NH<sub>3</sub> Molecules in the Interstellar Medium by Their Microwave Emission]]**\\
-//Phys. Rev. Lett.// **21**, 1701–1705 (1968).
+//Phys. Rev. Lett.// **21**, 1701–1705 (1968).\\
+\\
+The first detection of a rotation-inversion transition of NH<sub>3</sub> was also reported: J. Keene, G. A. Blake, and T. G. Philips,\\
+**[[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1983ApJ...271L..27K|First Detection of the Ground-State //J<sub>K</sub>// = 1<sub>0</sub> – 0<sub>0</sub> Submillimeter Transition of Interstellar Ammonia]]**\\
+//Astrophys. J.// **271**, L27–L30 (1983).\\
+\\
+T. L. Wilson, K. Ruf, C. M. Walmsley, R. N. Martin, T. A. Pauls, and W. Batria\\
+reported on the\\
+**[[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1982A%26A...115..185W|Detection of the (8,8) and (9,9) Absorption Lines of Ammonia: the Hot Molecular Cloud toward Sgr B2]]**\\
+//Astron. Astrophys.// **115**, 185−189 (1982).\\
+Observations were made with the MPIfR 100 m Effelsberg telescope pointing toward Sgr B2(S).\\
+\\
+T. L. Wilson, C. Henkel, and S. Hüttemeister, G. Dahmen, A. Linhart, C. Lemme, and J. Schmidt-Burgk\\
+reported on\\
+**[[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993A%26A...276L..29W|Hot Ammonia Emission: Kinetic Temperature Gradients in Orion-KL]]**\\
+//Astron. Astrophys.// **276**, L29−L32 (1993).\\
+The MPIfR 100 m Effelsberg telescope was employed for observations of ammonia inversion transitions with 10 ≤ //J// = //K// ≤ 14.\\
+\\
+T. L. Wilson, C. Henkel, and S. Hüttemeister\\
+announced\\
+**[[https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20065591|The detection of the (J, K) = (18, 18) line of NH3]]**\\
+//Astron. Astrophys.// **460**, 533–538 (2006).\\
+Observations with the Effelsberg 100 m dish were successful toward Sgr B2(M) and Sgr B2(N); only an upper limit was reported for Orion KL.\\
+\\
+The detection of vibrationally excited NH<sub>3</sub> (//v//<sub>2</sub> = 1) was reported in:\\
+R. Mauersberger, C. Henkel, and T. L. Wilson,\\
+**[[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988A%26A...205..235M|Vibrationally Excited Ammonia toward Orion-KL]]**\\
+//Astron. Astrophys.// **205**, 235–242 (1988).\\
+The IRAM 30 m dish was used for observations near 140.1 GHz.
+---
 NH<sub>2</sub>D was detected initially toward Sgr B2 and Orion KL:\\
 B. E. Turner, B. Zuckerman, M. Morris, and P.Palmer,\\
-**[[http://cdsads.u-strasbg.fr/abs/1978ApJ...219L..43T|Microwave Detection of Interstellar Deuterated Ammonia]]**\\
+**[[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1978ApJ...219L..43T|Microwave Detection of Interstellar Deuterated Ammonia]]**\\
 //Astrophys. J.// **219**, L43–L47 (1978).\\
 E. N. Rodriguez Kuiper, B. Zuckerman, and T. B. H. Kuiper,\\
-**[[http://cdsads.u-strasbg.fr/abs/1978ApJ...219L..49R|Deuterated Ammonia Toward the Orion Nebula]]**\\
+**[[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1978ApJ...219L..49R|Deuterated Ammonia Toward the Orion Nebula]]**\\
-//Astrophys. J.// **219**, L49–L53 (1978).
+//Astrophys. J.// **219**, L49–L53 (1978).\\
+\\
 <sup>15</sup>NH<sub>3</sub> was observed toward the Orion Molecular Cloud (OMC-1) soon thereafter:\\
 T. L. Wilson and T. Pauls,\\
-**[[http://cdsads.u-strasbg.fr/abs/1979A%26A....73L..10W|The Detection of Interstellar <sup>15</sup>NH<sub>3</sub>]]**\\
+**[[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1979A%26A....73L..10W|The Detection of Interstellar <sup>15</sup>NH<sub>3</sub>]]**\\
-//Astron. Astrophys.// **73**, L10–L12 (1979).
+//Astron. Astrophys.// **73**, L10–L12 (1979).\\
+\\
-The first detection of a rotation-inversion transition of NH<sub>3</sub> was also reported: J. Keene, G. A. Blake, and T. G. Philips,\\
-**[[http://cdsads.u-strasbg.fr/abs/1983ApJ...271L..27K|First Detection of the Ground-State //J<sub>K</sub>// = 1<sub>0</sub> – 0<sub>0</sub> Submillimeter Transition of Interstellar Ammonia]]**\\
-//Astrophys. J.// **271**, L27–L30 (1983).
 NHD<sub>2</sub> was detected first toward the L134N dark cloud which is also known as L183:\\
 E. Roueff, S. Tiné, L. H. Coudert, G. Pineau des Forêts, E. Falgarone, and M. Gerin,\\
-**[[http://cdsads.u-strasbg.fr/abs/2000A%26A...354L..63R|Detection of Doubly Deuterated Ammonia in L134N]]**\\
+**[[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000A%26A...354L..63R|Detection of Doubly Deuterated Ammonia in L134N]]**\\
-//Astron. Astrophys.// **354**, L63–L66 (2000).
+//Astron. Astrophys.// **354**, L63–L66 (2000).\\
+\\
 Finally, even ND<sub>3</sub> was detected in NGC 1333 and in the Barnard 1 Cloud:\\
 F. F. S. van der Tak, P. Schilke, H. S. P. Müller, D. C. Lis, T. G. Phillips, M. Gerin, and E. Roueff,\\
-**[[http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20020647|Triply Deuterated Ammonia in NGC 1333]]**\\
+**[[https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20020647|Triply Deuterated Ammonia in NGC 1333]]**\\
 //Astron. Astrophys.// **388**, L53–L56 (2002).\\
 D. C. Lis, E. Roueff, M. Gerin, T. G. Phillips, L. H. Coudert, F. F. S. van der Tak, and P. Schilke,\\
-**[[http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/341132|Detection of Triply Deuterated Ammonia in the Barnard 1 Cloud]]**\\
+**[[https://doi.org/10.1086/341132|Detection of Triply Deuterated Ammonia in the Barnard 1 Cloud]]**\\
-//Astrophys. J.// **571**, L55–L58 (2002).
+//Astrophys. J.// **571**, L55–L58 (2002).\\
+\\
-The detection of vibrationally excited NH<sub>3</sub> (//v//<sub>2</sub> = 1) was reported in:\\
-R. Mauersberger, C. Henkel, and T. L. Wilson,\\
-**[[http://cdsads.u-strasbg.fr/abs/1988A%26A...205..235M|Vibrationally Excited Ammonia toward Orion-KL]]**\\
-//Astron. Astrophys.// **205**, 235–242 (1988).
 The observation of 1<sub>11</sub> (0<sup>+</sup>) – 1<sub>01</sub> (0<sup>–</sup>) //ortho// transition of <sup>15</sup>NH<sub>2</sub>D with the IRAM 30m telescope toward Barnard-1b, NGC1333-DCO<sup>+</sup>, and L1689N was reported by:\\
 M. Gerin, N. Marcelino, N. Biver, E. Roueff, L. H. Coudert, M. Elkeurti, D. C. Lis, and D. Bockelée-Morvan,\\
-**[[http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/200911759|Detection of <sup>15</sup>NH<sub>2</sub>D in dense cores: a new tool for measuring the <sup>14</sup>N/<sup>15</sup>N ratio in the cold ISM]]**\\
+**[[https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/200911759|Detection of <sup>15</sup>NH<sub>2</sub>D in dense cores: a new tool for measuring the <sup>14</sup>N/<sup>15</sup>N ratio in the cold ISM]]**\\
-//Astron. Astrophys.// **498**, L9–L12 (2009).
+//Astron. Astrophys.// **498**, L9–L12 (2009).\\
+\\
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 Contributor(s): H. S. P. Müller; 12, 2004; 06, 2006 & 01, 2010
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