molecules:ism:c4h

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molecules:ism:c4h [2019/02/25 22:38] – external edit 127.0.0.1molecules:ism:c4h [2019/10/23 16:57] (current) – mueller
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 The butadiynyl radical in its <sup>2</sup>Σ ground vibrational state has been detected between 85 and 115 GHz with the NRAO 11 m telescope in the circumstellar envelope of the carbon-rich late-type star CW Leo, also known as IRC +10216, in eight fine structure lines of four rotational transitions (//N// = 9 – 8 to 12 – 11) by\\ The butadiynyl radical in its <sup>2</sup>Σ ground vibrational state has been detected between 85 and 115 GHz with the NRAO 11 m telescope in the circumstellar envelope of the carbon-rich late-type star CW Leo, also known as IRC +10216, in eight fine structure lines of four rotational transitions (//N// = 9 – 8 to 12 – 11) by\\
 M. Guélin, S. Green, and P. Thaddeus,\\ M. Guélin, S. Green, and P. Thaddeus,\\
-**[[http://cdsads.u-strasbg.fr/abs/1978ApJ...224L..27G|Detection of the C<sub>4</sub>H Radical toward IRC +10216]]**,\\+**[[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1978ApJ...224L..27G|Detection of the C<sub>4</sub>H Radical toward IRC +10216]]**,\\
 //Astrophys. J.// **224** L27–L30 (1978)\\ //Astrophys. J.// **224** L27–L30 (1978)\\
 before it was actually detected in the laboratory. Two rotational transitions had been reported previously as U-lines in two different publications. The highest frequency fine structure component seems to be overlapped. before it was actually detected in the laboratory. Two rotational transitions had been reported previously as U-lines in two different publications. The highest frequency fine structure component seems to be overlapped.
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 Soon thereafter, it was detected with the OSO 20 m telescope toward TMC-1 by:\\ Soon thereafter, it was detected with the OSO 20 m telescope toward TMC-1 by:\\
 W. M. Irvine, B. Höglund, P. Friberg, J. Askne, and J. Elldér,\\ W. M. Irvine, B. Höglund, P. Friberg, J. Askne, and J. Elldér,\\
-**[[http://cdsads.u-strasbg.fr/abs/1981ApJ...248L.113I|The Increasing Chemical Complexity of the Taurus Dark Clouds – Detection of CH<sub>3</sub>CCH and C<sub>4</sub>H]]**,\\+**[[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1981ApJ...248L.113I|The Increasing Chemical Complexity of the Taurus Dark Clouds – Detection of CH<sub>3</sub>CCH and C<sub>4</sub>H]]**,\\
 //Astrophys. J.// **248** L113–L117 (1981).\\ //Astrophys. J.// **248** L113–L117 (1981).\\
 Four hyperfine components of the //N// = 3 – 2 transition were detected near 28.55 GHz. Four hyperfine components of the //N// = 3 – 2 transition were detected near 28.55 GHz.
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 The radical was also observed in the diffuse medium by:\\ The radical was also observed in the diffuse medium by:\\
 M. B. Bell, P. A. Friedman, and H. E. Matthews,\\ M. B. Bell, P. A. Friedman, and H. E. Matthews,\\
-**[[http://cdsads.u-strasbg.fr/abs/1983ApJ...273L..35B|The Detection of Butadiynyl (C<sub>4</sub>H) in Absorption against Cassiopeia A]]**,\\+**[[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1983ApJ...273L..35B|The Detection of Butadiynyl (C<sub>4</sub>H) in Absorption against Cassiopeia A]]**,\\
 //Astrophys. J.// **273** L35–L39 (1983). //Astrophys. J.// **273** L35–L39 (1983).
  
 Moreover, the molecule was also detected in several PDRs, namely the Horsehead nebula (B 33), IC 63, and in the //ρ// Oph L1688-W cloud interface:\\ Moreover, the molecule was also detected in several PDRs, namely the Horsehead nebula (B 33), IC 63, and in the //ρ// Oph L1688-W cloud interface:\\
 D. Teyssier, D. Fossé M. Gerin, J. Pety, A. Abergel, and E. Roueff,\\ D. Teyssier, D. Fossé M. Gerin, J. Pety, A. Abergel, and E. Roueff,\\
-**[[http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20034534|Carbon Budget and Carbon Chemistry in Photon Dominated Regions]]**,\\+**[[https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20034534|Carbon Budget and Carbon Chemistry in Photon Dominated Regions]]**,\\
 //Astron. Astrophys.// **417** 135–149 (2004). //Astron. Astrophys.// **417** 135–149 (2004).
  
 Vibrationally excited C<sub>4</sub>H was also detected:\\ Vibrationally excited C<sub>4</sub>H was also detected:\\
 M. Guélin, J. Cernicharo, S. Navarro, D. R. Woodward, C. A. Gottlieb, and P. Thaddeus,\\ M. Guélin, J. Cernicharo, S. Navarro, D. R. Woodward, C. A. Gottlieb, and P. Thaddeus,\\
-**[[http://cdsads.u-strasbg.fr/abs/1987A%26A...182L..37G|New doublets in IRC +10216 – Vibrationally Excited C<sub>4</sub>H?]]**,\\+**[[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1987A%26A...182L..37G|New doublets in IRC +10216 – Vibrationally Excited C<sub>4</sub>H?]]**,\\
 //Astron. Astrophys.// **182** L37–L39 (1987).\\ //Astron. Astrophys.// **182** L37–L39 (1987).\\
 Subsequent laboratory work revealed these transitions to be due to the //v//<sub>7</sub> = 1 Π state and the //v//<sub>7</sub> = 2 Σ and Δ states:\\ Subsequent laboratory work revealed these transitions to be due to the //v//<sub>7</sub> = 1 Π state and the //v//<sub>7</sub> = 2 Σ and Δ states:\\
 S. Yamamoto, S. Saito, M. Guélin, J. Cernicharo, H. Suzuki, and M. Ohishi,\\ S. Yamamoto, S. Saito, M. Guélin, J. Cernicharo, H. Suzuki, and M. Ohishi,\\
-**[[http://cdsads.u-strasbg.fr/abs/1987ApJ...323L.149Y|Laboratory Microwave Spectroscopy of the Vibrational Satellites for the //ν//<sub>7</sub> and 2//ν//<sub>7</sub> states of C<sub>4</sub>H and their Astronomical Identification]]**,\\+**[[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1987ApJ...323L.149Y|Laboratory Microwave Spectroscopy of the Vibrational Satellites for the //ν//<sub>7</sub> and 2//ν//<sub>7</sub> states of C<sub>4</sub>H and their Astronomical Identification]]**,\\
 //Astrophys. J.// **323** L149–L153 (1987).\\ //Astrophys. J.// **323** L149–L153 (1987).\\
 Unfortunately, no laboratory data is available for higher excited vibrational states ! Unfortunately, no laboratory data is available for higher excited vibrational states !
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 C<sub>4</sub>D was detected toward TMC-1 by:\\ C<sub>4</sub>D was detected toward TMC-1 by:\\
 B. E. Turner,\\ B. E. Turner,\\
-**[[http://cdsads.u-strasbg.fr/abs/1989ApJ...347L..39T|Detection of C<sub>4</sub>D – Implications for Ion-Molecule Chemistry]]**,\\+**[[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1989ApJ...347L..39T|Detection of C<sub>4</sub>D – Implications for Ion-Molecule Chemistry]]**,\\
 //Astrophys. J.// **347** L39–L42 (1989). //Astrophys. J.// **347** L39–L42 (1989).
  
 The detection of the <sup>13</sup>C isotopic species was reported in:\\ The detection of the <sup>13</sup>C isotopic species was reported in:\\
 J. Cernicharo, M. Guélin, and C. Kahane,\\ J. Cernicharo, M. Guélin, and C. Kahane,\\
-**[[http://cdsads.u-strasbg.fr/abs/2000A%26AS..142..181C|A λ 2 mm Molecular Line Survey of the C-star Envelope IRC+10216]]**,\\+**[[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000A%26AS..142..181C|A λ 2 mm Molecular Line Survey of the C-star Envelope IRC+10216]]**,\\
 //Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser.// **142** 181–215 (2000). //Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser.// **142** 181–215 (2000).
  
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 Contributor(s): H. S. P. Müller; 5, 2007 Contributor(s): H. S. P. Müller; 5, 2007
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