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--- molecules:ism:ti-oxide [2019/10/18 13:14] – mueller
+++ molecules:ism:ti-oxide [2020/12/10 11:38] (current) – [Titanium Monoxide] mueller
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 ===== Titanium Oxides in Circumstellar Envelopes of Stars =====
-Absorption bands of **Titanium Monoxide**, **TiO**, in the visible have been identified in spectra of stars more than hundred years ago. In fact, these features are instrumental to classify M- and S-type stars. Moreover, TiO is thought to be responsible for the pulsation of Mira stars, one class of variable O-rich late-type stars. However, these features originate from the atmospheres of these stars, not from the circumstellar shells of these stars.
+==== Titanium Monoxide ====
+Absorption bands of  **TiO** in the visible have been identified in spectra of stars more than hundred years ago. In fact, these features are instrumental to classify M- and S-type stars. Moreover, TiO is thought to be responsible for the pulsation of Mira stars, one class of variable O-rich late-type stars. However, these features originate from the atmospheres of these stars, not from the circumstellar shells of these stars.
 A. R. Hyland, E. E. Becklin, G. Neugebauer, and G. Wallerstein,\\
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 by\\
 L. A. Hillenbrand, G. R. Knapp, D. L. Padgett, L. M. Rebull, and P. M. McGehee,\\
-//Astron. J.// **143**, Art. No. 37 (2012).
+//Astron. J.// **143**, Art. No. 37 (2012).\\
 More recently, the\\
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 and tentatively toward V899 Aql and RX Psc were reported by\\
 K. Smolders, T. Verhoelst, P. Neyskens, J. A. D. L. Blommaert, L. Decin, H. van Winckel, S. van Eck, G. C. Sloan, J. Cami, S. Hony, P. De Cat, J.Menu, and J. Vos.\\
-A temperature of 600 K was estimated. Even if it is rather uncertain, it is again compatible with circumstellar origin of the emission.
+A temperature of 600 K was estimated. Even if it is rather uncertain, it is again compatible with circumstellar origin of the emission.\\
-Finally, the detection of rotational transitions in the circumstellar envelope of VY CMa (and others) will be described in the **TiO<sub>2</sub>** section.
+Finally, the detection of rotational transitions in the circumstellar envelope of VY CMa (and others) will be described in the **TiO<sub>2</sub>** section.\\
+T. Danilovich, C. A. Gottlieb, L. Decin, A. M. S. Richards, K. L. K. Lee, T. Kamiński, N. A. Patel, K. H. Young, and K. M. Menten\\
+investigated\\
+**[[https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abc079|Rotational Spectra of Vibrationally Excited AlO and TiO in Oxygen-rich Stars]]**\\
+//Astrophys. J.// **904**, Art. No. 110 (2020).\\
+//J// = 11 → 10 transitions of TiO with Ω = 1, 2, and 3 were found in the circumstellar envelope of R Doradus up to //v// = 2 and that of IK Tauri up to //v// = 1.\\
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-The detection of **Titanium Dioxide**, **TiO<sub>2</sub>** between 279 and 355  and around 222.5 GHz employing the SubMillemeter Array (SMA) and the Plateau de Bure Interferometer(PdBI), respectively, has been described by\\
+==== Titanium Dioxide ====
+The detection of  **TiO<sub>2</sub>** between 279 and 355  and around 222.5 GHz employing the SubMillemeter Array (SMA) and the Plateau de Bure Interferometer(PdBI), respectively, has been described by\\
 T. Kamiński, C. A. Gottlieb, K. M. Menten, N. A. Patel, K. H. Young, S. Brünken, H. S. P. Müller, M. C. McCarthy, J. M. Winters, and L. Decin,\\
 **[[https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201220290|Pure Rotational Spectra of TiO and TiO<sub>2</sub> in VY Canis Majoris]]**\\
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-Contributor(s): H. S. P. Müller; 03, 2013; 03, 2017
+Contributor(s): H. S. P. Müller; 03, 2013; 03, 2017; 12, 2020
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